Food allergy and food intolerance are two terms that are often used interchangeably, but they actually refer to two different conditions. While both conditions can cause discomfort and unpleasant symptoms, the underlying mechanisms and treatments are different. In this blog, we will explore the differences between food allergy and food intolerance.

Food Allergy

A food allergy is an immune system response to a specific food protein that the body mistakenly identifies as harmful. When the body encounters the allergen, it produces an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE) to fight it off. The next time the person eats that food, the IgE antibodies trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals, which cause an allergic reaction. Symptoms of a food allergy can range from mild to severe and can include:

• Hives, rash, or eczema
• Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat
• Shortness of breath or wheezing
• Abdominal pain, diarrhea, or vomiting
• Anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction that can cause difficulty breathing, a drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness.

Food allergies can develop at any age, but they are more common in children. The most common food allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, milk, eggs, soy, and wheat. A food allergy diagnosis is made through skin tests or blood tests, and the treatment typically involves strict avoidance of the allergen and carrying an epinephrine auto-injector in case of an emergency.

Food Intolerance

Food intolerance is a non-immune response to certain foods that the body has difficulty digesting. Unlike a food allergy, food intolerance does not involve the immune system and does not cause an allergic reaction. Instead, the symptoms of food intolerance are related to the body's inability to break down or absorb certain food components, such as lactose, gluten, or food additives. Symptoms of food intolerance can include:

• Nausea, bloating, or gas
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Headache or migraine
• Skin rash or eczema
• Fatigue or joint pain.

Food intolerance can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. The most common types of food intolerance are lactose intolerance, gluten intolerance, and food additive intolerance. A food intolerance diagnosis is made through elimination diets, food challenges, or breath tests, and the treatment typically involves avoiding the offending food or supplementing with digestive enzymes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, food allergy and food intolerance are two distinct conditions that can cause similar symptoms but have different underlying causes and treatments. A food allergy is an immune system response to a specific food protein, while food intolerance is a non-immune response to certain foods that the body has difficulty digesting. If you suspect you have a food allergy or food intolerance, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.